What components make up an NLP system?

Common layers include input validation, text preparation, models or rules, knowledge retrieval, output validation, user workflow and operational monitoring.

Why is an NLP application more than a language model?

The model depends on data rights, preprocessing, permissions, sources, thresholds, interfaces, fallback and monitoring. Any of these layers can determine the outcome.

How does a grounded chatbot work?

It retrieves relevant authorized passages, constructs context, generates an answer and ideally provides citations. Retrieval and answer faithfulness require separate tests.

What is prompt injection?

Prompt injection is untrusted content attempting to change instructions, reveal protected data or misuse connected tools. It requires architectural controls, not only prompt wording.

How can NLP applications protect privacy?

Minimize inputs, restrict access, redact unnecessary fields, separate logs from training data, enforce retention and disclose provider handling.

What should an NLP system monitor?

Monitor availability, latency, input shifts, retrieval coverage, abstention, reviewed task quality, corrections, incidents and downstream outcomes.

Why should NLP systems support an unknown answer?

An explicit unknown or escalation state prevents unfamiliar or unsupported input from being forced into a confident label or generated claim.

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